Chapter 12: Towing a Trailer

Towing a trailer, whether for moving, recreation, or work, introduces a new set of dynamic forces and responsibilities to driving. Understanding the principles of proper loading, specialized equipment, and altered driving techniques is essential for safety. Mastering these rules is not just for preventing property damage or avoiding a citation; it is critical for maintaining control of the combined vehicle and protecting yourself and others from the serious dangers of a runaway trailer or a loss-of-control crash.

Equipment and Loading

Before a trailer is ever moved, it must be properly equipped and loaded. The majority of towing-related incidents stem from failures in this preparatory stage. A safe trip begins with a secure connection and a balanced load.

Required Equipment

• Hitch: The hitch system connects the trailer to the tow vehicle. It must be rated for the gross weight of the trailer and its cargo. The hitch ball on the tow vehicle must be the same size as the trailer’s coupler.
• Safety Chains: Two strong safety chains are legally required to connect the trailer to the tow vehicle. The chains must be crossed under the trailer tongue in an “X” pattern. This prevents the tongue from dropping to the pavement if the hitch fails, and it can help maintain some steering control. The chains should have enough slack to allow for sharp turns but not so much that they drag on the ground.
• Lights: The trailer’s electrical system must be connected to the tow vehicle. Legally required, functioning lights include taillights, brake lights, and turn signals. These lights must work in sync with the tow vehicle’s lights.
• Trailer Brakes: In Georgia, a trailer must be equipped with its own independent braking system if its gross weight is 3,000 pounds or more. These brakes are typically activated by an electronic controller in the tow vehicle’s cab and are crucial for safe stopping.