Chapter 5: Signs, Signals, and Road Markings

Recognizing and obeying traffic signs, signals, and pavement markings is a fundamental responsibility of every driver. These devices provide the rules of the road, warn of upcoming hazards, and offer guidance to help drivers navigate safely and efficiently. A complete understanding of their meaning is essential for passing the knowledge test and for making correct, split-second decisions that prevent crashes and protect lives.

Sign Colors and Shapes

The color and shape of a traffic sign provide instant information about its meaning, often before a driver can even read the words. Knowing these visual cues is a critical safety skill, especially when visibility is poor or a sign is partially obscured.

Sign Shapes

• Octagon (8 sides) — This shape is used exclusively for STOP signs. It means a driver must come to a complete stop before the stop line, crosswalk, or intersection, and yield to any crossing traffic or pedestrians.
• Triangle (inverted) — This shape is used exclusively for YIELD signs. It means a driver must slow down, be prepared to stop, and yield the right-of-way to vehicles and pedestrians in or approaching the intersection.
• Circle — This shape is used exclusively for Railroad Crossing advance warning signs. It indicates a railroad crossing is ahead and a driver should be prepared to stop.
• Diamond — This shape is used for warning signs. It indicates potential hazards or changes in road conditions ahead, such as a sharp curve, slippery road, or merging traffic.
• Rectangle (vertical) — This shape is typically used for regulatory signs, which state the law. Examples include Speed Limit and No Parking signs.
• Rectangle (horizontal) — This shape is typically used for guide signs, providing directions, distances, or information about services.
• Pentagon (5 sides) — This shape is used for School Zone and School Crossing signs. It warns drivers that they are approaching an area where children may be present.