Chapter 9: Emergencies & Legal Responsibilities

Even the most careful driver can face an unexpected vehicle malfunction, a collision, or a traffic stop. Knowing how to react calmly and correctly in these high-stress situations is a critical driving skill that can prevent further danger, protect your legal rights, and fulfill your responsibilities under the law. This knowledge is vital not only for safety but also for demonstrating the competence required to pass the driver’s exam.

Vehicle Malfunctions

A sudden mechanical failure can be frightening, but a prepared driver can maintain control and bring the vehicle to a safe stop. The key is to avoid panic and follow established procedures.

Tire Blowout

A blowout is a rapid loss of air pressure in a tire, causing the vehicle to pull sharply to one side.

1. Grip the Steering Wheel Firmly: Hold the wheel with both hands to counteract the pull and keep the vehicle moving straight.
2. Do Not Slam the Brakes: Braking hard can cause a loss of control.
3. Ease Off the Accelerator: Allow the vehicle to slow down gradually on its own.
4. Pull Over Safely: Once the vehicle has slowed to a manageable speed, activate your turn signal and pull completely off the road into a safe location. Turn on your emergency flashers.

Brake Failure

If the brake pedal suddenly goes to the floor with no resistance, the brakes have failed.

1. Pump the Brake Pedal: Pump the pedal rapidly several times. This may build up enough hydraulic pressure to activate the brakes.
2. Use the Parking Brake: If pumping the brakes doesn’t work, slowly and steadily apply the parking brake. Be ready to release it if the rear wheels lock up and the vehicle begins to skid.
3. Shift to a Lower Gear: Shifting to a lower gear will use the engine to help slow the vehicle (engine braking).
4. Find a Safe Place to Stop: Steer toward the shoulder or an open area. Use your horn and lights to warn other drivers. Do not attempt to drive the vehicle again until the brakes have been repaired.