Chapter 12: Towing a Trailer

Towing a trailer significantly changes a vehicle’s handling, acceleration, and braking capabilities. Understanding the specific equipment, loading procedures, and driving techniques required is not just for those hauling boats or campers; it’s a critical safety issue that affects everyone on the road. Properly managing a trailer prevents dangerous situations like trailer sway, unsecured loads, and collisions caused by increased stopping distances.

Legally and safely towing a non-commercial trailer in Washington requires specific equipment, proper loading techniques, and a modified driving approach. The added weight and length demand greater awareness from the driver, from making wider turns to allowing for much longer following distances. Adhering to these principles is essential for maintaining control and ensuring the safety of your cargo and other road users.

Equipment and Loading

Before you tow, a thorough check of your equipment and load is mandatory. The connection between the tow vehicle and the trailer is the most critical component, and an imbalance in the load can lead to dangerous instability.

• Hitch: The hitch must be appropriate for the weight of the trailer and its cargo. The ball on the hitch must be the same size as the trailer’s coupler. Ensure the locking mechanism on the coupler is fully engaged and secured with a pin or clip.
• Safety Chains: Two safety chains are required by law. They must be strong enough to hold the gross weight of the trailer in case the hitch fails. The chains should be crossed under the trailer tongue in an “X” pattern before being attached to the tow vehicle. This “X” pattern creates a cradle that can catch the trailer tongue and prevent it from digging into the pavement if it disconnects. The chains should have enough slack to allow for turns but not so much that they drag on the ground.
• Lights: The trailer’s lighting system must be connected to the tow vehicle and be fully functional. This includes brake lights, turn signals, and taillights. Before every trip, perform a visual check to confirm all lights are working in sync with the tow vehicle.
• Brakes: Washington law requires a separate braking system on any trailer with a gross weight of 3,000 pounds or more. These trailer brakes are typically activated electronically or by a surge mechanism when the tow vehicle’s brakes are applied.