Chapter 9: Emergencies & Legal Responsibilities

Even the most careful driver can face an unexpected vehicle malfunction or be involved in a traffic stop or collision. Knowing how to react in these high-stress situations is a critical driving skill that protects you, your passengers, and other road users. This knowledge is tested on the driver’s exam and, more importantly, is essential for navigating the legal and safety challenges that can arise at any moment on the road.

Vehicle Malfunctions

A sudden mechanical failure can be frightening, but a calm, correct response can prevent a dangerous situation from becoming a catastrophe.

Tire Blowout

A blowout is a rapid loss of air pressure in a tire, causing the vehicle to pull sharply to one side.

1. Grip the Steering Wheel Firmly: Your immediate priority is to maintain control of the vehicle. A front-tire blowout will cause a strong pull toward the side of the failed tire; a rear-tire blowout may cause the vehicle to fishtail.
2. Do Not Slam the Brakes: Hard braking will upset the vehicle’s balance and can cause a complete loss of control.
3. Ease Off the Accelerator: Allow the vehicle to slow down gradually on its own.
4. Pull Off the Road: Once the vehicle has slowed to a safe, manageable speed, steer to a safe location off the roadway, such as the shoulder. Turn on your emergency flashers.

Brake Failure

If the brake pedal suddenly goes to the floor with no effect, you must act quickly to slow the vehicle.

1. Pump the Brake Pedal: Rapidly pump the brakes several times. This may build up enough hydraulic pressure to activate the brakes.
2. Use the Parking Brake: Slowly and steadily apply the parking brake. Be prepared to release it if the rear wheels lock up and the vehicle begins to skid.
3. Downshift: Shift to a lower gear. This uses the engine’s compression to help slow the vehicle.
4. Find a Safe Exit: Look for a safe way to get off the roadway, such as an escape ramp, an open field, or even scraping against a guardrail as a last resort.

Pro-Tip:
To avoid brake failure, have your brake system inspected regularly. If the brake pedal ever feels “spongy” or sinks slowly to the floor while you are stopped, have it checked by a mechanic immediately.