Chapter 12: Towing a Trailer

Towing a trailer, whether for moving, camping, or recreation, fundamentally changes a vehicle’s handling, performance, and the amount of space it needs on the road. Understanding the principles of proper loading, required equipment, and adjusted driving techniques is critical for preventing dangerous situations like trailer sway, jackknifing, or an inability to stop in time. This knowledge is essential not only for safety but also for ensuring the vehicle and trailer are legally equipped for Indiana’s roadways.

Equipment and Loading

Before towing, a driver must ensure the vehicle and trailer are properly equipped and the load is balanced. The right equipment in good working order is the foundation of a safe towing experience.

Required Equipment

• Hitch: The hitch is the component that connects the trailer to the tow vehicle. It must be the correct class and have a weight rating that exceeds the gross weight of the loaded trailer. The hitch ball and receiver must also be the correct size and rating.
• Safety Chains: Every trailer must be connected to the tow vehicle with two safety chains. These chains act as a backup connection in case the hitch fails. They should be crossed under the trailer tongue (in an “X” pattern) and attached to the tow vehicle’s frame. Crossing the chains prevents the trailer tongue from dropping to the pavement if it disconnects and helps maintain some steering control. The chains should have enough slack to allow for turns but not so much that they drag on the ground.
• Lights: The trailer’s lighting system must be connected to the tow vehicle and be fully functional. Required lights include two red taillights, two red brake lights, and amber or red turn signals. The trailer must also have a white light to illuminate its license plate.
• Brakes: In Indiana, a separate braking system on the trailer is legally required if the trailer has a gross weight of 3,000 pounds or more. These brakes, which are activated by the tow vehicle’s braking system, are crucial for stopping the combined weight safely.