Chapter 9: Emergencies & Legal Responsibilities

Even the most careful driver can face unexpected vehicle malfunctions or be involved in a traffic collision. Knowing the correct procedures for handling these high-stress situations is essential for safety and is a critical part of a driver’s legal duties. This knowledge helps prevent a bad situation from becoming worse and ensures a driver can navigate interactions with law enforcement calmly and correctly, a skill vital for both the driver’s test and real-world encounters.

Vehicle Malfunctions

A sudden mechanical failure can be frightening, but a calm and correct response can prevent a crash. The key is to avoid panic and maintain control of the vehicle.

Tire Blowout

A blowout is a rapid loss of air pressure in a tire, which can cause the vehicle to pull sharply to one side.

1. Grip the Steering Wheel Firmly: Hold the wheel with both hands to counteract the pull and keep the vehicle moving straight.
2. Do Not Brake Hard: Slamming on the brakes can cause a loss of control.
3. Ease Off the Accelerator: Let the vehicle slow down gradually on its own.
4. Pull Over Safely: Once the vehicle has slowed to a manageable speed, activate the turn signal, check for a safe place, and pull completely off the roadway.

Brake Failure

If the brake pedal suddenly goes to the floor with no effect, the driver must act quickly.

• For non-ABS brakes: Pump the brake pedal rapidly. This may build up enough hydraulic pressure to activate the brakes.
• For ABS brakes: Do not pump the brakes. Apply steady, firm pressure.
• If pumping doesn’t work: Shift the vehicle to a lower gear to use engine braking to slow down.
• Use the Parking Brake: Slowly and carefully apply the parking brake. Be ready to release it if the rear wheels lock up and the vehicle begins to skid.
• Find a Safe Exit: Look for a safe place to pull off the road, such as an open field or a freeway exit ramp.