Chapter 5: Signs, Signals, and Road Markings

Traffic signs, signals, and pavement markings are the official language of the road, providing a consistent way to communicate rules, warnings, and guidance. A complete understanding of this system is non-negotiable for safe driving and is a major focus of the New Hampshire knowledge test. Recognizing and obeying these devices instantly allows you to anticipate road conditions and navigate safely and efficiently.

New Hampshire uses a standardized system of traffic control devices that conform to national standards. The shape, color, and placement of each sign, signal, and marking have a specific meaning. Learning this visual language allows a driver to understand traffic laws and identify potential hazards at a glance.

Sign Colors and Shapes

The color and shape of a traffic sign provide the first and most important clues about its message. Drivers should be able to recognize a sign’s meaning by these characteristics alone, even from a distance.

Sign Shapes

• Octagon (8 sides) — Exclusively for Stop signs. You must come to a complete stop.
• Triangle (downward pointing) — Exclusively for Yield signs. You must slow down and be prepared to stop, letting other traffic and pedestrians pass before you proceed.
• Circle — Advance warning of a railroad crossing ahead.
• Pennant (sideways triangle) — Marks the beginning of a No Passing Zone. This sign is placed on the left side of the road.
• Pentagon (5 sides) — Indicates a school zone or school crossing ahead.
• Diamond — General warning. These signs alert you to potential hazards or special conditions ahead, such as a sharp curve or slippery road.
• Rectangle (vertical or horizontal) — Used for regulatory signs (e.g., Speed Limit) and guide signs (e.g., route markers, destinations).
• Crossbuck (X shape) — Marks the exact location of a railroad crossing.