Chapter 5: Signs, Signals, and Road Markings

Traffic control devices are the language of the road, providing essential information, warnings, and regulations that allow for the safe and orderly flow of traffic. Being able to instantly recognize and obey signs, signals, and markings is a non-negotiable skill for every driver. This knowledge is not only a major component of the driver’s license exam but is also your primary tool for navigating safely and avoiding collisions every time you are behind the wheel.

Sign Colors and Shapes

Before you can even read the words on a sign, its shape and color give you immediate information about its meaning. Recognizing these visual cues from a distance allows you to anticipate road conditions and react sooner.

Sign Shapes

• Octagon (8 sides) — Used exclusively for Stop signs. You must come to a complete stop before the stop line, crosswalk, or intersection.
• Triangle (point down) — Used exclusively for Yield signs. You must slow down and be prepared to stop, letting other traffic, pedestrians, or cyclists pass before you proceed.
• Circle — Used for Railroad Advance Warning signs. This sign, usually yellow with a black “X” and “RR,” alerts you that you are approaching a railroad crossing.
• Pennant (sideways triangle) — Used to mark the beginning of a No Passing Zone. This sign is placed on the left side of the road.
• Diamond — Used for general warning signs. These signs alert you to potential hazards or changes in road conditions ahead, such as curves, intersections, or slippery surfaces.
• Rectangle (vertical) — Typically used for regulatory signs, such as Speed Limit signs.
• Rectangle (horizontal) — Typically used for guide signs, which provide directions or information about services.
• Pentagon (5 sides) — Used for School Zone and School Crossing signs.
• Crossbuck (X shape) — This sign is located at the railroad crossing itself and has the same meaning as a Yield sign. You must yield to trains.