Chapter 9: Emergencies & Legal Responsibilities

Even the most careful driver can face a sudden vehicle malfunction or be involved in a traffic collision. Knowing how to react in these high-stress situations is a critical driving skill that can prevent a minor problem from becoming a catastrophe. Understanding your legal duties after a crash or during a traffic stop is equally important for protecting your rights and driving privileges, and this knowledge is a key part of your responsibility as a licensed driver.

Vehicle Malfunctions

A sudden mechanical failure can be terrifying, but a calm, correct response can help you maintain control and bring the vehicle to a safe stop. The key is to avoid panic and instinctive, but incorrect, actions like slamming on the brakes.

Tire Blowout

A blowout is a rapid loss of air from a tire, causing the vehicle to pull sharply in the direction of the failed tire.

1. Grip the Steering Wheel Firmly: Your first and most important action is to hold the wheel tightly with both hands to keep the vehicle moving straight.
2. Do Not Brake: Do not slam on the brakes. Braking will worsen the pull and can cause a complete loss of control.
3. Ease Off the Accelerator: Slowly remove your foot from the gas pedal to allow the vehicle to decelerate gradually.
4. Find a Safe Place: Once the vehicle has slowed to a manageable speed, steer to a safe location off the roadway, such as the shoulder. Activate your hazard lights.

Brake Failure

If your brake pedal suddenly sinks to the floor with no resistance:

1. Pump the Brake Pedal: Rapidly pump the brake pedal several times. This may build up enough hydraulic pressure to activate the brakes.
2. Use the Parking Brake: If pumping does not work, slowly and steadily apply the parking brake. Be prepared to release it if the rear wheels lock up and the vehicle begins to skid.
3. Shift to a Lower Gear: Shifting to a lower gear (or “L” in an automatic) will use the engine’s braking power to help slow the vehicle.
4. Find a Safe Exit: Look for a safe path away from traffic, such as an open field or an uphill escape ramp if available. Sound your horn and flash your lights to warn other drivers.

Skidding