Chapter 5: Signs, Signals, and Road Markings

Traffic signs, signals, and pavement markings form the language of the road, providing constant information, commands, and warnings to drivers. A driver’s ability to instantly recognize and obey these devices is essential for maintaining order and preventing collisions. This knowledge is a major component of the MVA knowledge test and is the foundation of safe, defensive driving in every situation.

Every driver must be able to understand the standardized system of colors, shapes, and symbols used on Maryland roads. These devices regulate the flow of traffic, warn of potential hazards, and provide guidance to help drivers navigate. Ignoring or misunderstanding them is a primary cause of crashes.

Sign Colors and Shapes

The color and shape of a traffic sign provide the first and most important clue to its meaning, allowing a driver to react even before they can read the words or symbols.

Sign Shapes

• Octagon (8 sides) — Exclusively for Stop signs. This unique shape means a driver must come to a full and complete stop.
• Triangle (equilateral, point down) — Exclusively for Yield signs. This means a driver must slow down, be prepared to stop, and give the right-of-way to other traffic.
• Circle — Exclusively for Railroad Advance Warning signs. This indicates a railroad crossing is ahead.
• Pentagon (5 sides) — Indicates a school zone or school crossing ahead. Drivers should be alert for children.
• Pennant (sideways triangle) — Posted on the left side of the road, this marks the beginning of a No Passing Zone.
• Diamond — Used for general warning signs. These signs indicate potential hazards or changes in road conditions ahead, such as a curve, slippery surface, or merging traffic.
• Rectangle (vertical) — Generally used for regulatory signs, which state the law (e.g., Speed Limit, No Parking).
• Rectangle (horizontal) — Generally used for guide signs, providing directions, destinations, and mileage.